Soil engineers have been under increasing pressure to enhance soil qualities in order to support the weight of urban
infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, highways, etc., due to the fast expansion of these projects in recent years.
Soil enhancement is a growing field that employs a variety of techniques to enhance the mechanical qualities of
various soil types, including sand, black cotton, red alluvial, and murum. Soil treatment techniques using chemical
and cement grout are extensively used in geotechnical projects. Use of these chemicals and cement changes the pH
level below ground and reduces the flow of groundwater. A more long-term solution is urgently required to
counteract their impact. Therefore, there has been an effort to enhance the engineering features of soil in a
sustainable manner by using microorganisms, nutrients, and biological processes that are naturally present in
subsurface soils. An aerobic bacteria often found in soil, Bacillus Pasteuri (NCIB8841 or NCIM2477), was used to
accomplish the calcite precipitation. This project's investigations on permeability and shear strength show that
native bacteria may cause large amounts of calcite precipitation, which in turn alters the geotechnical soil
parameters in a quantifiable way. various percentages of bacteria were flushed through various soils and observed
for varied amounts of time. Soils amended with microbes have higher shear strengths and lower permeability.
Improved stability, increased bearing capacity, and decreased settlements and lateral deformations are the main
goals of microbial soils. As an alternative to the energy-intensive mechanical compaction techniques or the costly
and ecologically harmful chemical grouting procedures, geotechnical engineers are exploring the potential of bio-
clogging and bio-cementation of soils to enhance the mechanical characteristics of soil. However, a combination
of engineering, microbiology, ecology, and design considerations is necessary for the successful adoption of the
microbial technique. If we want to solidify the idea of microbial soil even further, we need microstructure
research, full-scale model studies, and long-term assessments.